Removal of Bisphenol S from Aqueous Solution using Activated Carbon Derived from Rambutan Peel via Microwave Irradiation Technique

Bisphenol S (BPS) was introduced to replace A (BPA) in plastic production. Unfortunately, recent studies have shown that BPS is toxic. This study explores the conversion of rambutan peel into peel-based activated carbon (RPAC) via economic route single-stage microwave irradiation technique at radiation power and time 440 W 6 min, respectively, under CO2 gasification. The resulted RPAC posed BET surface area 402.68 m2/g, mesopores 332.98 total pore volume 0.23 cm3/g, average diameter 2.26 nm, which lies region. filled with various functional groups such as methylene, aliphatic fluoro, phenol, nitro, alkyl compounds. Adsorption onto achieved equilibrium faster lower initial concentration compared higher ones. Isotherm found Langmuir model suits this adsorption process best a maximum monolayer capacity 27.89 mg/g whereas kinetic showed pseudo-second order (PSO) represented data best. Intraparticle diffusion plots suggested consisted three regions each region controlled by different type mechanism. Boyd plot confirmed film responsible for slowest step whilst thermodynamic parameters disclosed spontaneous, exothermic, governed physisorption, randomness reduce solid-liquid interface.